The Concept Of Sustainable Development Essay - 1236 Words

The concept of sustainable development is not a very old one. Not much attention was drawn to sustainability when the society systems that we currently know were set. However, the states that some people started recognizing as undesirable outcomes such as environmental degradation, unfair systems, unequal wealth distribution to mentioned a few were the start of movements directed to incorporate environmental rights, fair accessibility and life security specially for the people living in Least Developed Countries LDC. I took this course as an elective because I am passionate about environmental issues. I was highly convinced that sustainable development was the creation of alternative choices for our current, massive environmental degradation. For me, it was only about the environment. Notwithstanding, through the course content that introduced me to the Rio Declaration on 1992. I became aware of the magnitude of sustainable development, specially the social and economic issues that are needed to be overcome in order to produce self-sustain models that protect vulnerable groups and correlate environment and economy in a harmonious manner. Most of the concepts discussed in the course were not new to me as I have studied human ecology and systems dynamics before. Although concepts were the same the circumstances of application change, human ecology involves a holistic understanding of personal human behaviors in the society whereas system dynamics provides tools to analyzeShow MoreRelatedThe Concept Of Sustainable Development Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of sustainable development is generally understood in two similar but differing perspectives. The first of these is the social-scientific definition explicated most frequently in relation to the 1987 report of the Brundtland commission.1 This report defines sustainable development as our â€Å"...ability to make development sustainable—to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†2. The second perspectiveRead MoreThe Concept Of Sustainable Development1638 Wo rds   |  7 PagesThe concept of sustainable development has been at the centre of many big debates of late including world conferences on development and developmental planners. It is gaining impetus as people get more informed on the current effects of climate change and the looming devastating effects of the same on future generations increasing the unpredictability of the future. At the core of sustainable development is the fragile condition of balancing between protection as well as maintenance of the productivityRead MoreCritically Assess The Concept Of Sustainable Development Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesCritically assess the concept of Sustainable Development The concept of sustainable development is generally understood in two similar but differing perspectives. The first of these is the social-scientific definition explicated most frequently in relation to the 1987 report of the Brundtland commission.1 This report defines sustainable development as our â€Å"...ability to make development sustainable—to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generationsRead MoreSustainable Development and Globalization Are Two Popular Concept with Respect to Present Context. Is Globalization Is a Threat for Sustainable Development ?1031 Words   |  5 PagesSustainable development  is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the  environment  so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for future generations. [pic] A representation of sustainability showing how both economy and society are constrained by environmental limits [pic] Scheme of sustainable development: at the confluence of three constituent parts â€Å"Let’s see the three overlapping circles: one representing environmental needs,Read MoreSustainable Development : The Definition Of Sustainable Development1432 Words   |  6 Pagesterm sustainable development has gained a lot of attention, however, it has since been overused to a point of saturation where it has lost the influence it previously elucidated and become a jargon for developers and slogan for environmentalists. What does sustainable development mean? For years scholars have tried to define and articulate the concept of sustainable development which has led it to become an oxymoron of sorts. Over a century before the use of phrase sustainable development cameRead MoreEnvironmental Management Systems And Principles1473 Words   |  6 Pageshave been incorporated by organizations and corporations since the introduction of these concepts. These provide the necessary guidance for companies to reduce their impacts on the environment. Environmental Management is not only being applied by the United States (US) regions, but along all countries within the world. Within few decades, other approaches such as social responsibility and sustainable development have arisen. According to ISO 26000:2010 Guidance on Social Responsibility: Social responsibilityRead MoreSustainable Development1618 Words   |  7 PagesQ. Sustainable Development? Ans:. Sustainable development refers to a mode of human development in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come. The term sustainable development was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development: development that meets the needs of the present withoutRead MoreClimate Change And Depletion Of Natural Resources1318 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing concern of climate change and depletion of natural resources has meant an increase in popularity of the term ‘sustainable development’. With this growing popularity there has also been a rise in conflicting opinions on what sustainable development means and whether it is attainable, as even after the release of the Brundtland report which offered a definition of sustainable development there were still criticisms for it suggesting that ‘economic growth, industrial modernization and market imperativesRead MoreSustainable Development And Environmental Protection1577 Words   |  7 Pages Sustainable development that allows the present generation to meet our current needs, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. In other words, sustainable development is a inseparable system of economic, social, resource and protection of environmental which not only can attain the objective of economic development, but also it can protect the natural resources of atmospheric, freshwater, marine and environment. It can make the future generations live and workRead MoreSustainable Education And Green Campus Design Creating A Marketing Value For The Universities1498 Words   |  6 PagesTOPIC: Sustainable Higher Education Development in Turkey through Participation-Empowerment of the Community and Green Campus Design Creating a Marketing Value for the Universities. Sub-topics: 1. Sustainable Architecture Definition 2. Sustainable Initiatives/Policies 3. Social Sustainability 4. Sustainable Architecture as Branding 6. Rethinking the Principles of Sustainable Higher Education 1. Sustainable Architecture Definition 1.1. Bruntland, Gro. Our common future: The world commission on

The Issue of Slavery in America - 1148 Words

The North and South -1820 to 1850 The period between 1820s to the 1850s and eve beyond was majorly dominated by the concern about the issue of slavery in America. This was the talk of the time with some advocating for the free will to do with the slaves as they wanted yet others advocating for the total ban on slavery as well as slave trade within the USA. It is worth noting that the North was more of an industrial region and yet he south was more of agricultural region. This was the economic status of these two regions and both needed labor to carry on with their economy. The difference came where the industrial North was ready to pay their employees for the labor they provided yet the South was not ready to pay for the labor that they were provided with in the farms. This meant therefore that they had to keep slaves who would work for them free of change (Ronald L.F. Davis, 2012). Due to the fact that the South owned slaves, they were vehemently opposed to the banning of the slavery. In the face of this massive call to end slave trade during the 1820s to 1850s the South wanted to be left with the right to chose what to do with their slaves. They also coined out some provisions like allowing the slaves to join fighting groups and enjoy some other additional rights. On the other hand, the North was realy for the banning of slavery. As a matter of fact, the northern states had abolished slave trade as early as 1830s and it is with the realization if the gross crueltyShow MoreRelatedSlavery in America941 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery in America Does anyone know who really started slavery? Slavery first took place in North America, 1619 at a British colony of Jamestown Virginia† (Boles, John). This caused slavery to spread throughout the American colonies. Slavery had a huge impact on America and still does till this day. Slavery was nothing new when it came to America. It’s been going on since before the 1400’s.†Slavery had existed in Europe from classical times and did not disappear with the collapse of the Roman Empire†Read MoreSlavery Issues Of Slavery Between North And South848 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery Issues The issues of slavery between North and South was indirectly the cause of the beginning of civil war. Since the North changed their minds about the black population, they had a difficult time with the South, with they believe that Africans had to serve white people. So the problem between the North and South wasn’t something new, it was happening since the government was trying to prevent spread out of the slavery across America, as a result, South started to create, manipulate, andRead MoreEarly History Of America By Robert Lloyd Garrison And The Struggle Against Slavery998 Words   |  4 PagesEarly History of America It draws the global attention to the extend and the achievements of America concerning the major issues of development. However, it must be noted that the history of achievement takes its form of complexity that features the details and characters involved in the immediate past, as well as the ones who determined the current status of America. In the process, major issues like slavery, revolution and settlement served as major drawbacks that hampered development within theRead MoreThe Abolishment of Slavery Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesAbolishment of Slavery Slavery was caused by economic factors of the English settlers in the late 17th century. Colonists continually tried to allure laborers to the colony. The head right system was to give the indentured servant, a method of becoming independent after a number of years of service. Slavery was caused by economic reasons. Colonists chiefly relied on Indentured Servitude, in order to facilitate their need for labor. The decreasing p opulation combined with a need for a labor forceRead MoreThe End Of Chattel Slavery Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesLooking back in history, you will find that slavery was always present. There are accounts of slavery in Babylon, Greece, and Rome, all occurring before the Common Era; but there was a major change during the year 1619 in the way slavery was implemented. This form of slavery was known as chattel slavery. Defined as â€Å"A civil relationship in which one person has absolute power over the life, fortune, and liberty of another† (Legal-dictionary.com), chattel slavery targeted African slaves that were broughtRead MoreEssay on Slavery Is The South682 Words   |  3 Pages Slavery is the South Essay #3 Slavery played a dominating and critical role in much of Southern life. In the struggle for control in America, slavery was the South’s stronghold and the hidden motive behind many political actions and economic statistics. By dominating Southern life, slavery also dominated the economic and political aspects of life in the South from 1840 to 1860. By the 1840’s and 50’s the Southern economy had almost completely become slave and cash crop agriculture based. WithoutRead MoreCivil War the Great Divide814 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Divide The issue of slavery was discussed in many ways. People talked about the morality of the institution (or lack thereof), the economics of slavery, and the political issues that came about because of it. No matter how it was discussed, the North and South could not agree. Northerners thought Southerners were corrupting the soul of America, and Southerners thought Northerners were hypocrites. No matter which way they looked at slavery, the North and South had two antitheticalRead MoreThe Expansion Of The New Nation1477 Words   |  6 Pages In the later half of nineteenth century America, the new nation’s original ability to resolve conflict through means of peaceful compromise had vanished. Various spans of conflict such as Westward Expansion, the Market Revolution, Sectionalism, Mexican American War, the succession of the southern states and ultimately the failure of the Compromise of 1850 that made compromise between the North and the South unattainable. It was the uncompromising differences amongst the free and slave states overRead More History of The American Civil War Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pages The Civil War was a brutal war between the North and South of America over the issue of slavery, which was spurred on by the secession of the southern states from the Union of a America. At the time slavery was one of the main issues in America that caused a disagreement between the north and south and these disagreements about humanity and slaves added to the tension that would finally lead to the out break of war. Slavery was almost totally abolished in the northern states after 1787 whenRead MoreThe Views On Lincoln s Presidency1738 Words   |  7 Pagesseveral historians’ texts regarding Lincoln’s opinions and policies toward slavery, and the unification of a nation as a whole, I distinguished that several authors have contending visions of Lincoln’s actions during his presidency. Some authors (Dirck, Guelzo, Striner) portray Lincoln as the great emancipator in depicting him as a crusader whose main purpose during the Civil War was only to accomplish the abolishment of slavery. In contrast, some authors (Escott, Gates, Foner, and McPherson) maintain

To Kill a Mocking Bird Character Analysis Free Essays

â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird,† Arthur Raddled is thought to be a cruel and evil person; in reality, he is actually a very kind and generous person. His kindness is evident during the fire at Miss Muddies home. â€Å"Boo Raddled. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mocking Bird Character Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now You were so busy looking at the fire you didn’t know it when he put the blanket around you. † (Attic’s 96). This dialogue shows that Arthur Raddled is actually a very kind, caring person; he realized hat Scout was cold and he put his own blanket around her to keep her warm. He generously gave Scout the blanket, knowing she was cold and showing sympathy for Scout, who has even mocked Boo with Gem. This generous nature Arthur Ready Dollops Raymond is also another person who appears to be drunk and is disliked by the community, although in reality all he is drinking from his sack is coca-cola; he is actually a very gentle person, which is evident when he tells Scout, â€Å"l try to give ‘me a reason, you see? Dollops Raymond realizes that the community dislikes and shuns mixed race families, so he fakes being drunk to give Macomb a reason for him marrying a black woman. He realizes that people would be more uncomfortable around him if they thought he was a N-lover, and instead makes them believe he Is married too black woman because he Is drunk. His reason for ‘drinking’ shows that he is gentle with the public, so they aren’t as uncomfortable with his family as they would be if he wasn’t ‘drinking. How to cite To Kill a Mocking Bird Character Analysis, Papers

The Purple Rose of Cairo free essay sample

Film has captured and enchanted audiences since its origination with the Lumiere Brothers; and, as it developed, it began to be used to convey messages and ideas. Film started to become a creative outlet that then turned to a catalyst of philosophical thought. Film theorist Sergei Einstein expressed that film â€Å"as a work of art, understood dynamically, is just the process of arranging images in the feelings and mind of the spectator†. Thus, directors began to realize that audience manipulation was possible through the images and sounds they delivered, as well as through the way these images and sounds were presented it all has an effect of how viewers thought of and interpreted the films. This is especially clear in the German film, Triumph of Will, directed by Leni Reifenstahl. While the film is brilliantly made, with moving cameras, the utilization of long focus lenses, aerial photography, and a revolutionary approach to musical accompaniment, the film was also incredibly propagandistic and manipulative at the time of it’s release. We will write a custom essay sample on The Purple Rose of Cairo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The entire film is a vehicle to promote the ideologies of Hitler; beginning with Germany’s near-destruction in World War I and depicting Hitler as a messiah, descending from the skies to greet his vehement followers. In the opening minutes of the film, there are close-up and over-the-shoulder shots of Hitler, making him seem rather personable, adored, and somewhat noble. There are also shots of children approaching him, showing that the ideas of innocence and purity are to be seen as parallel to the views and goals Hitler himself. Aesthetically, the entire film is superbly done, and politically its manipulative powers are astonishing. By showing Germany as unified under the divine rule of Hitler, it brought the nation together and created one of the most destructive and powerful nations in the 1940s. While film can be used as propaganda, like in Nazi Germany, it can also be used to provoke thought, rather than control it, manipulate it, or deceive it. In Woody Allen’s film The Purple Rose of Cairo, the audience is pushed to move beyond the appearance of things and consider other worlds, other perspectives. For the heroine, Cecilia, film is an escape and an impossible inspiration. According to the fictitious movie (The Purple Rose of Cairo), the purple rose itself is supposed to grow in a pharaoh’s tomb the expression of a perfect love. However, no flower can grow without light making it an impossible inspiration. According to Plato, and to partially to Allen, our relationship with truth is rather grim. When we attend movies we are much like Plato’s captives, chained facing a cave wall, only seeing a world of shadows our reality is suspended. But another point is made; although we can be deceived by shadows, we are also capable of understanding and questioning anything, shadows included. Yes, film is an escape from reality and the idea of being able to truly escape a somewhat horrid life is unimaginably wonderful, but thats just it it is an idea. Change has to be brought on by oneself, not an unreliable outside source, and perfection is an illusion. I as a viewer absolutely love how Allen presents these ideologies in The Purple Rose of Cairo. He gives it an unconventional point of view, setting up a series of contrasts between perfection and imperfection, reality and illusion, loving someone and being in love with someone, that forces us to think about film as well as the actual content of the film. And this all ties back to Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†; our life is veiled and we must aspire to leave and become less dependent on the shadow world. What is interesting is that, in the film, Allen makes the audience unsure of which world is the shadow world and which is the illusion. The perfect world becomes the film world and the false one is the desired reality. As entertainment, the film is great a nonsensical romantic comedy with a less-than-happy ending; but philosophically it goes much deeper than that, provoking audiences to think about reality and the importance of imperfection. While on the subject of imperfection, a third film demands some attention. Alejandro Amenabar’s The Sea Inside presents a whole new perspective on what perfection in life is. Many people see suicide as a selfish act removing yourself from the lives of your loved ones far earlier than they would have liked. However, the question of who is more selfish is posed. Is it the people who remove themselves when they feel no more connection to life; or the people who expect those who want to leave to stay, regardless of their misery or feelings of lacking true connection to the vibrancy of life? Thus are the questions presented to audiences upon viewing this film. In my mind, everyone should have the freedom to choose the life they want to live, or not live; and to choose what meaning they take out of said life. In Clendine’s â€Å"The Good Short Life†, it is said that we speak of living life, but never of death. That â€Å"we act as if facing death weren’t one of life’s greatest, most absorbing thrills and challenges† and that being incoherent and immobile until one only sees friends and family as â€Å"a passing cloud†. Both Clendine and Ramon didn’t want to put their loved ones through that, and taking one’s life seemed to be the best solution. Both were â€Å"vital to the end, and knew when to leave†. In my opinion, if someone has legitimate, justifiable reasons to want to leave this earth (such as a degenerative disease), that they have a right to do so. And if they cannot on their own accord due to that degenerative disease, I think that others (physicians, family members, friends) should be legally permitted to assist them. They shouldn’t be obligated to assist, but if they give consent and are willing to aid, I think they should be permitted. Mark from Breathing Lessons and Ramon were also similar on a few levels, but Mark had more hope and determination to live with dignity. Unlike Ramon who saw his life as undignified, Mark viewed it more as excessively challenging. Mark still desired life though considered suicide, but â€Å"chickened out† showing that he did truly still want to live. Ramon, however, was lost in his melancholy and nostalgia for the past, choosing to disregard the possibilities the future could bring. I think that it is a personal choice and that each individual should be given the liberty of making that choice. The phrase â€Å"dying with dignity† always reminds me of greek mythology when humiliated warriors would throw themselves on their swords for an honorable death, rather than live life in humility. I think Ramon saw his life as more humiliating and therefore wanted to throw himself on his sword, so to speak. With this, I think that the US should have a â€Å"death with dignity† law. Everyone has a right to life, as well as a right to death. Film is one of the most influential and powerful media. It’s capabilities to provoke, cultivate, and manipulate audience thought is incredible and worth studying. The innovations that film itself has gone through the amount of genres it contains, special effects, and advancements in sound all contribute to film as a whole, and all contribute to the beauty of how film is created and suspends the reality of viewers if only for an hour or two.

Political Consequences of Globalisation free essay sample

Today’s world is faced with various questions concerning political affairs such as peace, legislation, policymaking, and cooperation between states and even societies. But one of the fundamental dilemmas of the contemporary times is undoubtedly the question of globalisation. This phenomenon is based on numerous worldwide exchanges in the field of economy, social life, culture, ideology and the environment- all of these elements leading to certain political consequences. Globalisation, which has been pushed forward by the expansion of capitalism, has been seen in the political world since 1848, when Marx and Engels stated how the â€Å"bourgeoisie has through its exploitation of the world market given a cosmopolitan character to production and exchanged â€Å"local and national seclusion and self-sufficiency† for â€Å"universal inter-dependence of nations† (1966: 112). Nowadays, many people around the globe ask themselves the questions: What are the political costs of globalisation? Does it bring prosperity and development to our world or poverty and the deepening of differences in national wealth between countries? Does it bring people together and serves as a means of knowledge about various cultures or is it a form of spreading and forcing people into accepting a universal ‘pop’ culture? In this essay, an analysis of the political consequences of globalisation will try to answer these questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Consequences of Globalisation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Globalisation has influenced and even changed the world system in various positive ways. According to the supporters of social democratic global governance, globalization, after the fall of the Soviet bloc, has created opportunities for advancing the â€Å"cause of human rights, to challenge dictatorial rule, and to spread the principles of democracy throughout the developing world. New criteria of liberal democracy have been advanced in most international development organisations to judge the relative fitness and legitimacy of states, making it difficult †¦ for dictatorial regimes to gain legitimacy in the world arena† (Putzel 2004). But on the other hand, globalisation got rid of the idea of checks and balances, leaving hegemons, like the United States, in charge which may sometimes lead to breaking of the multipolar world order and principles of peaceful international relations introduced after the end of World War II. For example, this was visible in the case of the Iraq invasion. Modern globalisation is also seen as the world-wide exchange of information amongst people. Universally used tools, such as the internet, have led to the creation of the so-called ‘cyber-sphere’ in which people are able to converse freely about the political situations in their countries as well as exchange their personal insights and feelings. The cyber-sphere is also perceived as a new dimension of communication for governments, which are able to control their economies that are now existing in the cyber world. Furthermore, the internet became not only the means by which people are able to exchange valuable ideas but it is also used as a weapon by terrorist groups. Moreover, it provides access to a variety of scientific sources but it also creates the risk of plagiarism and theft. Various governments are not able to fully regulate what is being done or said on the internet, therefore, it is very important for countries to work together in the fight against extremism and cyber-crime. Furthermore, globalisation became the source for the accelerating competition around the globe which thus led to the increase in production and efficiency. Competition and increasing market space can lead to specialisation and an improved division of labour. There are also economies of scale and scope that have salutary effects on costs and prices and which provide a strong impetus for economic growth† (Pere 2007). Competition is able to increase standards of living and promote higher wages. Also, according to Anthony Giddens, globalization over a period of time has weakened the notion of the nation-state and â€Å"regenerated local identities† (1998: 2 8-33). It is now forcing governments to consider a wide range of actors such as individuals, firms, nations, trading blocs or non-governmental organizations and â€Å"providing a form of governance over society and economy, which is no longer the prerogative of governments† (1998: 28-33). This tames the government’ egoistic decisions in the economic sphere that might enrich their own countries but lead in fact to the decline of others. According to the globalisation theory, many states were forced in the past few years to abandon their particular political drives in the economic sphere, and due to this the differences between national economies are slowly diminishing (Thompson 2010: 132). â€Å"Underlying this thesis is a rather deterministic conception of globalization as an ‘iron cage’ which imposes a global financial discipline on governments, severely constraining the scope for progressive policies and undermining the social bargain on which the post-Second-World-War welfare state rested† (Held et al. 1999). Because of this the gap between the rich and the poor is rapidly growing even into the 21st century. â€Å"[T]here is evidence that the bottom 10 per cent of the world’s population has become even poorer since the beginning of the 1990s† (Croft 2010: 211). While it can be noticed that some parts of the world, mainly in Asia, have witnessed the positive side of globalisation that led to swift growth and substantial poverty decrease, many other areas in Latin America and most of Africa have experienced economic immobility or even decline that lead to the rise in poverty and inequality. Furthermore, many instabilities of countries at a regional or global level are due to the interconnectivity and interdependence of economies. Economic insecurities and crisis in one country can lead to local or even global problems. â€Å"The most dramatic instance of this was the exchange rate and financial crisis in Asia, which started in Thailand in 1998, and spread to other South-east Asian economies but which also sent ripples throughout the international financial system† (Pere 2007). These links that bind the world’s economies together suggest mutual vulnerability which might lead to conflict. Various countries are sceptical about the positive aspect of globalisation and therefore they believe that they have lost the grasp on their own economies and became the victims of powerful and bigger countries, various multinational firms, and international institutions. Joseph Stiglitz, who is the former chief economist of the World Bank, is one of many that support this notion. He wrote in Globalization and its Discontents (2002: 214) that â€Å"globalization today is not working for many of the world’s poor. † He was right in the fact that many of these poor countries are not able to eat the fruits of globalisation. Their percentage in the volume of global trade is decreasing. There are many aspects of globalisation that are non-economic, yet have an even greater impact on the contemporary world. There have been many new security challenges in the interdependent world that have led to regional conflicts and violence. International security issues have become very interconnected. These issues raise questions about problems like scarce energy or water provisions, illegitimate and tyrannical governments, terrorism, and environmental issues such as global warming and epidemics such as HIV or AIDS. Stuart Croft illustrates this interconnectivity by showing how â€Å"a concern with a terrorist organization might connect into international trade (smuggling of †¦weapons), into international finance (control of terrorist finances), and into development issues (how to support the development of regions beset by terrorism)† (Croft 2010: 189). Moreover, even though the end of the Cold War diminished the fear of nuclear weapons, it did not lead its total disappearance. There is still an on-going proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Due to this, globalisation can put at risk the countries of the world. Al Qaeda and other transnational actors have formed global networks of operatives, challenging conventional approaches to national defence in what has been called asymmetrical warfare† (Nye 2013: 257). Additionally, with less state control over foreign exchange and the removal of most trade barriers, non-state actors gained unrestricted access to income from res ources such as narcotics, diamonds, and weapons supplies. â€Å"This created a perverse and vicious cycle: falling state revenues, leading to increasing ineffectiveness of authority, allowing expanded smuggling, leading to further declines in revenue† (Putzel 2004). Today’s globalisation has gone much â€Å"farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper† (Friedman 1999: 7-8). This swiftness creates another problem- it forms uncertainty and makes it much more difficult to shape policy responses. Karl Polanyi in his book The Great Transformation claimed that â€Å"the market forces unleashed by the Industrial Revolution and globalisation in the nineteenth century produced not only great economic gains, but also great social disruptions and political reactions† (1944). Many countries have responded in various ways to the speedy changes made by globalisation. In countries such as Iran and Bosnia, globalisation has been very frowned upon because it challenges the conservative or even extremist views of those nations and brings in foreign (i. e. Western) ideas. In addition, the anti-globalisation attitudes are partially a reply to the alterations shaped by economic interdependence. â€Å"From an economist’s view, imperfect markets are inefficient, but from a political view, some imperfections in international markets can be considered ‘useful inefficiencies’ because they slow down and buffer political change. As globalisation removes such inefficiencies, it becomes the political prisoner of its economic success† (Nye 2013: 261). In conclusion, the concept of globalisation has both positive and negative political consequences. It intensifies inequality by which it increases political risks and widens already present social gaps. It causes developing countries to have the hardest time when trying to assimilate into global economies and markets. Globalisation is a means by which people are able to exchange valuable information and ideas but it also poses a threat because it opens doors to terrorism and cyber-crime. Additionally, due to globalization, today’s decisions about global politics lay mostly in the hands of international and non-governmental organisations and this partially leads to the weakening of the nation-state. Therefore, â€Å"Globalisation [has] transformed the terrain of politics, but the role, and indeed the need for the establishment or reinforcement, of modern states has never been more important†.

The Unknown Rebel Essays

The Unknown Rebel Essays The Unknown Rebel Paper The Unknown Rebel Paper On the 5th Of June 1989 a single Chinese man stood up to a line of 18 tanks in Tiananmen Square. The image of him and his righteous act was broadcast all over the world as the image to forever illustrate one insignificant mans power to stand up to a virtually unstoppable force. Despite all efforts, Western Media Sources have been unable to discover his true identity so he has been dubbed The Unknown Rebel by Time Magazine and was included in their list of 100 Most Influential People of the 20th Century. This man is considered a rebel because he went against the man and refused to do as told by the tanks standing in front of him. For the previous two days there had been horrendous violence occurring between student protesters and the Chinese Government with incidents of people being shot in the back by soldiers for their pro-democracy protests in Tiananmen square. His act was intrinsically rebellious because he stood in the way of the tanks and even moved left and right with the tank to further block its path in a defiant way. He was even seen to climb on top of the tank and say to the driver Why are you here? My city is in chaos because of you. He then climbed back down and bystanders pulled him back into the crowd as he receded into anonymity. The Chinese government is a force to be reckoned with and this unknown rebel must have been aware of they were capable of killing as martial law had been declared and thousands just like him had been killed in the preceding days. Only a true rebel would risk his life to defy the government and stand up to a line of 18 tanks. His image has been adopted by many people in many countries as a sign that every man can make a difference and do something major that impacts a large, diverse amount of people. It has been said that he was seen in his glorious moment by more people than ever laid eyes on Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein and James Joyce combined. This alone is indicative of the significance his one act had compared with the lifetime achievements of some men considered to be relatively more famous. The fact that after his act of rebellion he majestically disappeared into the crowd further adds to his image of the rebel. No one knows who he was, let alone what happened to him after that day. A year later, when an American reporter asked Chinese leader Jiang Zemin what had happened to the unknown rebel and he replied I think never killed. This mystery that surrounds the unknown rebel is one attribute that contributes to his image as a rebel due to the image that has been created around his anonymity. In conclusion, the unknown rebel of Tiananmen Square is a rebel because he has become a symbol for standing up against the big power at the risk of everything for something you believe in.

Classical Social Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Classical Social Theory - Essay Example In Condorcet's historical account of the heroic march of human reason, it is invariably priestly deception and barbarity which threatens future progress or plunges mankind into lengthy periods of darkness and ignorance. Speaking for many of his philosophe peers, Condorcet depicts the Middle Ages as history's bleakest epoch: "Nothing could penetrate the profound darkness save a few shafts of talent, a few rays of kindness and magnanimity. Man's only achievements were theological day-dreaming and superstitious imposture, his only morality religious intolerance." The French enlightenment's special virulence toward the contemporary institutions of organized religion can be attributed to the uniquely powerful position of the French clergy as members of the ruling elite. The resolution of the Gallican controversy in 1682 cemented an especially close relationship between the clergy and the crown in France. Moreover, French religious dissenters and freethinkers confronted an especially hostile and oppressive environment in the aftermath of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, guaranteeing minimal toleration to Protestants, in 1685. This atmosphere of intolerance and rigid absolutism bred a particularly bitter anticlericalism; the perceived power machinations and profligacy of the clergy encouraged scathing denunciations of priestly hypocrisy and cynical manipulation. In relatively more tolerant Protestant England, such intense animosity was unlikely to arise. Nonetheless, the basic principles of enlightenment thought produced skeptical and crit ical accounts of revealed religion across national boundaries, and English deists were especially active in promulgating the foundation for a more rational, simplified, and less doctrinaire faith. Voltaire, Letters in England , trans. Leonard Tancock (New York: Penguin Books, 1980), 120. In his final letter from England, Voltaire systematically attempts to dismantle the claims of Blaise Pascal in the Pensees. Profoundly disturbed by the "hateful light" in which Pascal appears to depict man, Voltaire proposes to "champion humanity against this sublime misanthropist." Voltaire's crusade against Pascal's misanthropy neatly illustrates many of the central objections which enlightenment thinkers made against religion, and Christianity in particular. Voltaire, Letters in England , trans. Leonard Tancock (New York: Penguin Books, 1980), 120-122. Voltaire, a relative moderate on religious questions, does not actually seek to dismantle belief in God.' Rather, he takes exception to the misery, wickedness, and helplessness which Pascal, attributes to mankind's natural condition, as well as the social disarray which is held to follow from man's corruption. Claiming that Pascal "attributes to the essence of our nature what applies only to certain men," Voltaire does not accept that original sin is a permanent and irrevocable stain on all of humanity.' Rather, he insists that man has both good and bad impulses, and that we can use our reason to govern our passions so as to lead upright lives: "He [man] is, like everything else

UNIQLO in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

UNIQLO in China - Essay Example UNIQLO in China In a Company Perspective. The concept of marketing problem can be termed as a constraint or issue due to which organizations face significant hurdles in launching or promoting any product or service. The marketing problems of an organization can be identified through analyzing its internal influencing factors. With respect to the company perspective, the internal factors involve few major dimensions that influence the marketing activities of an organization. In this context, these dimensions can be associated with 4Ps of marketing mix including product, price, place/distribution and promotional attributes of the organizations (The Chartered Institute of Management, 2009). These dimensions have been discussed hereunder. Product Development Factors With respect to the business strategy of UNIQLO, the organization tends to possess two major strengths including the usage of quality based materials along with unique functional materials in manufacturing its range of fashionable garments and apparels. Specially mentioning, the use of high quality materials such as Merino wool, cashmere and Supima cotton in producing Women's Winter Style products enabled the organization to comply with the requirements of the customers. Moreover, the unique functional material in designing Women's Winter Style products tends to create increasing demand in the markets during the cold/winter season across different geographical locations (Fast Retailing Co., Ltd, 2013). Promotional Variables Across every season, the promotional campaigns of UNIQLO incorporate endorsing its core products including HEATTECH, ultra-light down jackets, fleece and polo shirts among others throughout its different overseas retail locations. The promotional campaign s of the company focus on developing advertising activities encompassing different tele-media (Fast Retailing Co., Ltd, 2013). Pricing Variables The pricing strategy of Women's Winter Style products is also a major attribute of UNIQLO to successfully achieve its business objectives across the markets where it operates. The company provides quality based Women's Winter Style products in a more reasonable price as compared to other fashion retailers. In this regard, the adequate control of inventory along with the marketing department and merchandisers of the company facilitate to reduce the cost up to 30% in comparison with the regular price of the products (Fast Retailing Co., Ltd, 2013). Place/Distribution Variables In relation to the place/distribution variable, the continuous expansion in the global destinations significantly provides adequate support to UNIQLO in order to avoid different sorts of marketing problems. Currently, the organization operates more than 11,000 retail st ores across different nations including the UK, the US, France, Russia along with Japan and other major Asian countries (Fast Retailing Co., Ltd, 2013). 1.2 In an Industry Perspective. According to marketing concepts, the industry influencing factors have also major bearing upon the organizations to face different marketing problems. In order to critically assess the major influencing factors of the fashion garments business industry, the analysis of Porter’s five forces would enable to critically identify the current marketing strategy of UNIQLO. These have been discussed hereunder. Power of Buyer According to the recent phenomenon, the power of buyer is relatively high for UNIQLO due to increasing number of fashion retailers.

Work life balance is increasingly used as a strategy to attract and Essay - 1

Work life balance is increasingly used as a strategy to attract and retain employees. Argue the business case for and against implementing Work Life Balance initiatives - Essay Example The family ­ friendly workplace develops systems for organising how work is arranged in order to support workers in achieving a greater integration across their work and personal responsibilities. More formally, a family-friendly workplace "recognises the non ­-workplace family responsibilities of its employees and develops and implements policies that allow employees to simultaneously fulfill work and family responsibilities" (Strachan & Burgess, 1998, p. 251). These policies are considered to be a major recruitment and retention tool. Ezzedeen (2003) defined work-life balance from a holistic, individual domain perspective, as the degree to which individuals are satisfied with their involvement in domains of life they value. Work-life balance is understood as a satisfactory temporal, cognitive, and physical participation in the domain (s) in which one finds meaning, fulfillment and enjoyment (Ezzedeen, 2003). Work-life balance acknowledges that all employees have lives outside of work. Work-life balance illuminates traditional cultural assumptions about gender roles that shape mens and womens experiences in and out ofthe workplace (Redman and Wilkinson, 2006). It challenges the public/private dichotomy of roles and responsibilities by acknowledging that the sex and gender system operates differently in mens and womens lives; such that a man may be stigmatised for taking leave to care for a newborn in much the same way that a woman will be stigmatised for choosing to work after a baby is born. Rapoport, Bailyn, Fletcher, and Pruitt (2002) explain: "Accepting that individual priorities differ, our goal is that men and women should be able to experience these two parts of their lives as not in conflict, or separate, or in need of balance, but integrated. By this we mean that they should be able to function and find satisfaction in both work and personal life, independent of

What Is Workers Participation Management Management Essay

What Is Workers Participation Management Management Essay The term participation is derived from Latin word Participare that mean taking part or sharing shaving is a bilateral process involving motivational functional manifestations, the term worker participation involves sharing in an appropriate manner. The decision- making power with the lower ranks of the organization. Workers participation in management is an essential ingredient of Industrial democracy and is based on Human Relations approach to Management which brought about a new set of values to labour and management. Traditionally the concept of Workers Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organization. Workers participation is also known as labour participation or employee participation in management. Concept:- The technique of the workers participation in management has been regarded as a powerful behavioral tool for managing the industrial relation system. The concept of the WPM crystallizes the concept of industrial democracy and indicates an attempt on the employer to build his employee into a team, which works towards the realization of common objectives. It is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to constitute to goals and share responsibilities with them. Objectives of WPM: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To establish Industrial Democracy. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To build the most dynamic Human Resources. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To satisfy the workers social and esteem needs. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To strengthen labour-management co-operation and thus maintain Industrial peace and harmony. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To promote increased productivity for the advantage of the organization, workers and the society at large. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its psychological objective is to secure full recognition of the workers. Strategies / Schemes of WPM: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suggestion Schemes:  Participation of workers can take place through suggestion scheme. Under this method workers are invited and encouraged to offer suggestions for improving the working of the enterprise.   A suggestion box is installed and any worker can write his suggestions and drop them in the box. Periodically all the suggestions are scrutinized by the suggestion committee or suggestion screening committee. The committee is constituted by equal representation from the management and the workers. The committee screens various suggestions received from the workers. Good suggestions are accepted for implementation and suitable awards are given to the concerned workers. Suggestion schemes encourage workers interest in the functioning of an enterprise. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Works committee:  Under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, every establishment employing 100 or more workers is required to constitute a works committee. Such a committee consists of equal number of representatives from the employer and the employees. The main purpose of this committee is to provide measures for securing and preserving amity and good relations between the employer and the employees. Functions:  Works committee deals with matters of day-to-day functioning at the shop floor level. Works committees are concerned with: Æ’Â °Ã‚  Ã‚  Conditions of work such as ventilation, lighting and sanitation. Æ’Â °Ã‚  Ã‚  Amenities such as drinking water, canteens, dining rooms, medical and health services. Æ’Â °Ã‚  Ã‚  Educational and recreational activities. Æ’Â °Ã‚  Ã‚  Safety measures, accident prevention mechanisms etc. Works committees function actively in some organizations like Tata Steel, HLL, etc but the progress of Works Committees in many organizations has not been very satisfactory due to the following reasons: Æ’Â ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Lack of competence and interest on the part of workers representatives. Æ’Â ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Employees consider it below their dignity and status to sit alongside blue-collar workers. Æ’Â ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Lack of feedback on performance of Works Committee. Æ’Â ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Undue delay and problems in implementation due to advisory nature of recommendations. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joint Management Councils:  Under this system Joint Management Councils are constituted at the plant level. These councils were setup as early as 1958. These councils consist of equal number of representatives of the employers and employees, not exceeding 12 at the plant level. The plant should employ  at least500 workers. The council discusses various matters relating to the working of the industry. This council is entrusted with the responsibility of administering welfare measures, supervision of safety and health schemes, scheduling of working hours, rewards for suggestions etc. Wages, bonus, personal problems of the workers are outside the scope of Joint management councils. The council is to take up issues related to accident prevention, management of canteens, water, meals, revision of work rules, absenteeism, indiscipline etc. the performance of Joint Management Councils have not been satisfactory due to the following reasons:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers representatives feel dissatisfied as the councils functions are concerned with only the welfare activities.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trade unions fear that these councils will weaken their strength as workers come under the direct influence of these councils. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Work Directors:  Under this method, one or two representatives of workers are nominated or elected to the Board of Directors. This is the full-fledged and highest form of workers participation in management. The basic idea behind this method is that the representation of workers at the top-level would usher Industrial Democracy, congenial employee-employer relations and safeguard the workers interests. The Government of India introduced this scheme in several public sector enterprises such as Hindustan Antibiotics, Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd etc. However the scheme of appointment of such a director from among the employees failed miserably and the scheme was subsequently dropped. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Co-partnership:  Co-partnership involves employees participation in the share capital of a company in which they are employed. By virtue of their being shareholders, they have the right to participate in the management of the company. Shares of the company can be acquired by workers making cash payment or by way of stock options scheme. The basic objective of stock options is not to pass on control in the hands of employees but providing better financial incentives for industrial productivity. But in developed countries, WPM through co-partnership is limited. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joint Councils:  The joint councils are constituted for the whole unit, in every Industrial Unit employing 500 or more workers, there should be a Joint Council for the whole unit. Only such persons who are actually engaged in the unit shall be the members of Joint Council. A joint council shall meet at least once in a quarter. The chief executive of the unit shall be the chairperson of the joint council. The vice-chairman of the joint council will be nominated by the worker members of the council. The decisions of the Joint Council shall be based on the consensus and not on the basis of voting.  Ã‚   In 1977 the above scheme was extended to the PSUs like commercial and service sector organizations employing 100 or more persons. The organizations include hotels, hospitals, railway and road transport, post and telegraph offices, state electricity boards. Levels of Management Participation There can be 5 levels of Management Participation or WPM: a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Information participation:  It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matter of general economic importance. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consultative importance:  Here workers are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work, safety and health. However, final decision always rests with the top-level management, as employees views are only advisory in nature. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Associative participation:  It is an extension of consultative participation as management here is under the moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of the employees. Under this method the managers and workers jointly take decisions. d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Administrative participation:  It ensures greater share of workers participation in discharge of managerial functions. Here, decisions already taken by the management come to employees, preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Decisive participation:  Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relating to production, welfare etc. Reasons for failure of Workers participation Movement in India: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employers resist the participation of workers in decision-making. This is because they feel that workers are not competent enough to take decisions. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers representatives who participate in management have to perform the dual roles of workers spokesman and a co-manager. Very few representatives are competent enough to assume the two incompatible roles. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Generally Trade Unions leaders who represent workers are also active members of various political parties. While participating in management they tend to give priority to political interests rather than the workers cause. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schemes of workers participation have been initiated and sponsored by the Government. However, there has been a lack of interest and initiative on the part of both the trade unions and employers. Measures for making Participation effective: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employer should adopt a progressive outlook. They should consider the industry as a joint endeavour  in which workers have an equal say. Workers should be provided and enlightened about the benefits of their participation in the management. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employers and workers should agree on the objectives of the industry. They should recognize and respect the rights of each other. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers and their representatives should be provided education and training in the philosophy and process of participative management. Workers should be made aware of the benefits of participative management. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There should be effective communication between workers and management and effective consultation of workers by the management in decisions that have an impact on them. Viper Report

Selling Products versus Images :: Marketing Advertising Commercials Ads

Products or Images? What are they really selling? If an alien were shown an advertisement and asked to describe what product that particular company were selling, in most cases the alien would not know. The reason that the product itself would be unclear is that it is not actually being shown because the product is not what is most appealing to the consumer. The ideal or image that is most likely projected is the attention grabber. The fantasy that is being put forth by the company is what the consumer is really investing in. People like to buy things that represent what they admire or respect. Products and brands have symbolic meanings and project certain images (Mehta, page 82) in the case of the ENYCE brand of clothing the ad portrays an image of living in an inner city and leading an urban lifestyle. It shows young attractive individuals who appear to be cool, relaxed and enjoying themselves. The men look tough and strong, while the women look stylish and comfortable. The reason that the clothes that are being sold are not simply shown on their own, is because people buy the image they wish to express to others. Individuals prefer products that match their self-concept since these purchases provide a means of self-expression. (Mehta, page 82) If a person wishes to project an image of being cool, tough, confident and relaxed in the city than they could relate to this ENYCE ad and wish to buy the products, regardless to what the product looks like. The person is not, however, investing into the quality of the clothes or the affordability, but the association of being cool or happy. This reason is why companies have turned to using a fantasy or image to sell their products. Value-expressive attributes or image of the product rather than functional attributes and informational claims are often used in advertising. (Mehta, page 81) Products often promote things that are valued by everyone such as happiness, romance, sex and other things that most people desire. Images often vary as product images do, but many of them play on what that target population wants as a whole. Everyone wants to be happy and self confident in everything they do, and this can be seen in ads of every kind.

Workforce Diversity and the impact SHRM has towards Competitive Advantage

Workforce Diversity covers a wide variety of differences, which include race, gender, age, culture, nationality, religion, sexuality, interests, needs and desires (Hartel & Fujimoto, 2000). In order to explain workforce diversity in depth, this essay will utilise Race/Ethnicity as the key diversity characteristic, discussing the various theories and practices used in Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) to develop and manage diversity. In order to achieve increased organisational performance, a strategic plan must be implemented to position people throughout the organisation; and to manage these diverse cultures and ethnic backgrounds, and nurture their creativity and innovation, diverse recruitment and training is undertaken. Through the use of the diverse labour pool available when recruiting, an organisation can benefit from the different skills and knowledge obtained by the diverse employees. Secondly, their creativity, innovation network range, uniqueness and rarity, serve as a means of giving the organisation unique resources and processes that competitors are unable to produce or replicate, resulting in the organisation benefiting from a human capital based competitive advantage. This essay discusses workforce diversity, competitive advantage, diversity orientation, diversity openness, and effects of diversity on team and individual performance, and diversity management. Due to the effects globalisation has on the organisations today, organisations must diversify the methods in which they manage their human resources and establish a competitive advantage to compete in the current global market. By defining the presence of differences among members of social units (Jackson et al. , 1995, as cited in D’Netto & Sohal, 1999), different types of diversity can be identified and the groups can be categorised in order to manage them effective and efficiently. According to H?rtel and Fujimoto (2000), Workforce diversity is categorised into two dimensions: Observable differences and Underlying differences. Firstly, observable differences take into account the diverse characteristics such as race, gender, age, verbal/non-verbal behaviours. Secondly, underlying difference encapsulates less observable differences such as values/beliefs, sexual orientation, skills/knowledge, and religion. These two dimensions contribute to the influence of the process and outcomes of many organisations. As suggested by Ayoko and H?rtel, impact of diversity of workgroups has been a focus for most studies on diversity; however, in diversity studies from Cox and Blake (1991) and Jackson (1992), cultural heterogeneity differences in race, ethnicity and national origin have been the focal point. Experiences of lower cohesion and social integration (Hambrick, 1994), more conflict, higher turnover, less trust, less job satisfaction, more stress, more absenteeism, and more communication difficulties ( Alder, 1991; O’Reilly et al. 1992; Zenger and Lawrence, 1989) are shown as the key comparisons in the research between diverse workgroups and homogeneous groups. Diversity has both positive effects such as increasing opportunity for creativity and negative effects such as increasing the likelihood of dissatisfaction and failure to identify with one’s workgroup (Milliken and Martin, 1996). Richard Florida (2004, 2005; Lee et al. 2004) argues that diversity influences economic comp etitiveness directly by fostering creativity and innovation, which are elements for promoting rarity and unique ideas and concepts, giving an organisation an advantage in its market. Organisations that acknowledge workforce diversity and its different viewpoints, and facilitate unique and creative approaches to problem solving, increase creativity and innovation within the company, leading to increased organisation performance and competitive advantage. By utilising the diversity and realising its potential, organisations are able to attract and retain the best talent available, reduce costs due to lower turnover and fewer lawsuits; enhanced market understanding and market ability; greater creativity and innovations; better problem solving; greater organisational flexibility, better decision making, and better overall performance (Cox, 1993; Cox and Blake, 1991; Cox, 1991; Robinson and Dechant, 1997; Carlozzi, 1999; Griscombe and Mattis, 2002; McAllister, 1997; Watson et al. 1993). Allan et al. (2007) suggests the negative effects of diversity to organisational performance such as lower employee satisfaction and higher turnover (O’Reilly et al. , 1989), creating a sense of detachment (Tsui et al. , 1992), lower cohesiveness, and difficulties in communications, and intergroup conflict and tension (Richard et al. , 2003; Cox, 1993). These effects of poor diverse planning and management would have severe and damaging results for the organisation. The use of Strategic Human Resource Management and Diversity Management are used to manage the broad definition of diversity, inclusive of everyone and values the differences that each individual brings to the organisation. The need for a broader definition is recognised by Loden (1993), realising that theories only based on affirmative action and equal employment opportunity tend to focus only on women and minorities which result in organisation efforts that are sectioned with the outcome of other groups feeling disenfranchised. Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) uses people as one of its components to gain competitive advantage. To be able to retain this advantage, the resources must remain scarce and hard to duplicate, have the inability to be directly substituted, and enable companies to pursue opportunities (Barney, 1991; Boyd & Wright, 1992). The key to a competitive advantage is how well the human resources work within the company (Pfeffer, 1994), leading to the creation of value, hard to imitate, and is rare which in turn increases sustainability of the competitive advantage. As the global market and its demographic characteristics of its customers change, so must an organisation’s to retain a competitive edge in the market (Cox, 1994). As communities become more multicultural, organisations must change their human resource structure so that it is aligned with the customer’s needs, as the organisation span widens globally, employees are then needed to understand the customer’s references and requirements (Cox & Blake, 1991). In order to maximise diverse employees, Diversity-oriented Human Resource Management (HRM) is utilised and is achieved through the implementation of HRM policies. By strategically focusing on processes such as employee attraction and recruitment, retainment, training and development, and organisational alignment (Denton, 1992; H?rtel & Fujimoto, 2010; Rosen & Lovelace, 1991), diverse employees can be promoted to assist an organisation to manage the challenges the come with today’s diverse marketplace. Problems arise for HRM when implementing diversity initiatives, such as convincing top management that the initiatives will benefit the organisation. Management can see the diverse initiatives as being too expensive, production may be reduced and disruption the workplace (D’Netto & Sohal, 1999). On the other hand, diverse-oriented organisations not only accept diversity, they also recognise it as an integral part of the organisation (Richard & Johnson, 2001). The key aspects of diversity orientation: work design, staffing, training, and compensation are all embedded with the foundation of diversity, thus being valued as the core part of the organisation. It is through the bundling of the HRM policies and practices that direct the organisation towards diversity and diversity management. The organisation activities of training and development, work design, staffing, and compensation programs need to all supporting and reinforcing diversity for the constitution of diversity orientation to be successful. Coinciding with the organisational activities suggested previously, procedural fairness must be undertaken so that both majority and minority groups do not experience a sense of feeling left out. Diversity orientation is a rewarding tool when striving for competitive advantage; however, diversity orientation is not universal. The effectiveness of diversity orientation involves a substantial commitment of resources and a willingness to experience inefficiencies for a time, although through persistence, this tolerance for inefficiency may be of great benefit for organisations desiring innovation, high-commitment work environments, and the ability to face dynamic environments. To be able to effectively manage diversity, the implementation of SHRM policies and procedures regarding recruitment and training must first be undertaken. Problems need to be identified so that the correct policies and procedures can be put into place. D’Netto and Sohal (1999) suggest several â€Å"best practices† be used to improve workforce diversity management during recruiting and selection; job descriptions and selection progress that cover job relevant duties, qualifications, and experience and comply with anti-discrimination legislation. Successful organisations can benefit from orkforce diversity by creating an organisation environment which attracts people from diverse labour markets. A competitive edge is promoted by selecting the right people for the correct task regardless of race (Cornelius, 1999). Through recruitment, human capital is used as a driver for competitive advantage by selecting diverse individuals with specific, unique, and rare skills, increa ses the efficiency and effectiveness of an organisation, exploiting market opportunities, and neutralise potential threats (Barney, 1991; Ulrich & Lake, 1991). Human capital that is not readily available in the labour market and not easily duplicated by other organisations provides a potential source of competitive advantage (Snell, Youndt & Wright, 1996). Management needs to proactively communicate the organisation’s commitment and reasons for valuing diversity, invest in training, socialisation, and other efforts to manage conflicts effectively (Richard et al. , 2002). Once the right people have been employed it is then up to Human Resource management to implement diversity orientated training, helping to retain the diverse workforce and to focus on the organisation as a whole, creating an environment where clear, unambiguous policies and procedures are initiated. Training can create an awareness of certain traps and provide strategies for addressing any underlying issues (Barry & Bateman, 1996). A well implemented training program will provide employees with a better understanding of each other’s race, culture, gender, religion, and sexual preferences. It will help those who are not from diverse backgrounds identify the strengths and opportunities that are supplied by the minority groups. Communication problems can be addressed through proper diverse training, helping employees understand that minority groups are handled differently according to their skills and knowledge as opposed to the employment due to their minority status. The benefit of diversity-orientated training is that it reduces the amount of bias from both employees and management, allowing the diverse groups to be accepted for the skills and knowledge they offer, which in turn, leads to a more productive, innovative, and creative organisation and promotes cohesion and cooperation between colleagues (H?rtel & Fujimoto, 2010), resulting in human resources and practices that are of a competitive nature. The first two theories Social Identity and Similarity Attraction both dentify the negative effects that diversity can have on an organisation and how it can also affect the competitive advantage, in the form of human resource. Firstly, Festinger’s (1954) studies of Social Identity theory focus on the development of social identity which results in the comparison of individuals towards other group members. The outcome of these comparisons can result in the individual with either a positive or negative self-image (Richard & Johnson, 2001), an d desire to be part of the group or wanting to leave a group. Social Identity theory suggests that being part of a group creates a feeling of collective representation of self-identity and behaviour. According to Tajfel (1982), â€Å"the psychological process associated with this theory generates distinct group behaviour, such as, solidarity within a group, conformity to group norms, and discrimination against out groups†. The second theory of Similarity Attraction (Byrne, 1971) is reliant upon demographic characteristics such as race. Similarities are perceived by individuals and compared to other members of a group, fostering trust, mutual cooperation and interaction. These effects lead to sub groups which, in turn, lead to less effective team function as a whole. Finally, theory that describes the positive attributes to diversity is the Information Processing and Decision Making Theories (Gruenfeld et al. , 1996), suggesting that decision making and exchanging of information are improved within groups that are more diverse. Benefits arising from diversity are their ability to use a greater variety of resources, allowing the use of more diverse networks. The key to dealing with all of these theories of diversity are correct usage of Diversity Management, allowing management to identify the characteristics of each and deal with them accordingly, in doing so conflict, absenteeism, and discrimination are reduced, allowing for cohesion, creativity and innovation to be produced. Competitive advantage, organisation effectiveness, increased productivity and coherent organisational environment are all outcomes that can be acquired through the correct implementation of Diversity Management. These can be achieved through the building of specific skills, creating of policies and drafting practices (D’Netto & Sohal, 1999), which in turn, get the best results from every employee. The management of diversity can be identified as the leveraging and use of cultural differences in people’s skills, ideas nd creativity to contribute to a common goal in such a way that an organisation can achieve an advantage above that of the organisations competition (Deversky, 1994; Fernandez, 1993; Morrison, 1992). The management of diverse groups is becoming increasingly difficult. Globalisation is a large contributor to workforce diversity, increased migration as a result of the opening of foreign borders, especially from different countries where people were originally migration from, resulting in a wider span of people with diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds populating the country. In order to achieve competitive advantage through the use of diversity and SHRM, ethnic diverse individuals/employees must be strategically managed so that their diverse attributes can be utilised within the organisation, leading to organisation performance and efficiency. Diversity Management focuses on the inclusion of the full span of diverse employees, allowing them to perform to their full potential, ensuring that their wellbeing, both individually and in the organisation remain positive. Introducing training, development, and affective leadership are concepts that help develop diverse employees. According to H?rtel and Fujimoto (2010), it is reported that employees working in a diversity managed organisation have an improved work-life and higher cohesion among employees. Diversity Management has many positive effects which include understanding that minority viewpoints foster quality of thought, performance, and decision making (Nemeth, 1992), and that groups made up of larger diverse backgrounds and characteristics produce a wider variety of ideas, solutions, and alternatives than those groups with similar demographic characteristics (Bantel & Jackson, 1989; Jackson, 1992). Once these viewpoints are identified and understood, procedures and practices can be implemented to embed their skills and knowledge resulting in better organisational performance. Task conflict, when using diverse groups to problem solve complex, non-routine tasks, results in disagreements amongst members about task, including viewpoints ideas and opinions, utilising their skills, knowledge, abilities, and perspectives, leading to more complete analysis of the issues and improved decision-making and performance (Jehn, 1995; Pelled, 1996). In conclusion to the discussion of the previous associative approaches to managing diversity, the essay found limitations as a result of the quantity of differences that incorporate diversity, it would be limited to arguing the characteristic of Race/Ethnicity and the effects that workforce diversity has on its contribution to competitive advantage. The review concluded that the need for a contingency approach is needed to manage diversity effectively, as problems are constantly arising due to the ever changing demographical characteristics of today’s global market. Individuals from diverse cultures are migrating to areas in which they previously were not. This results in the need for continuously updated training and recruitment with placement of diverse individuals into positions to effectively communicate and network with global customers.

Wreck, Wreak, and Other [rek] Words

Wreck, Wreak, and Other [rek] Words Wreck, Wreak, and Other [rek] Words Wreck, Wreak, and Other [rek] Words By Maeve Maddox I saw this in an article about caring for a laptop: If you store your laptop in the vehicle for any period of time, keep in mind that the extreme temperature ranges within the vehicle could wreck havoc with your laptop. Its not the first time Ive seen the word wreck substituted for wreak in the expression wreak havoc. Both words have similar origins, but in modern usage they are pronounced differently and have different meanings. wreak [reek] v. to bring about, inflict, as in wreak havoc, wreak vengeance wreck [reck] v. to cause ruin or damage wreck [reck] n. something that has been ruined The Old English verb wrecan meant to drive, drive out, avenge. Old Norse had a similar word. In Anglo-French these words evolved into a noun, wrec meaning goods cast ashore after a shipwreck, flotsam. The word reckless has a different origin. The Old English word reccan (past tense rohte) meant to care, to trouble about, heed. From it came a noun, rece meaning care. A reckless person doesnt care what happens. The word reckon comes from another OE verb spelled reccan (past tense reahte). This one meant to expound, relate. One still talks about reckoning accounts, or, in a metaphorical sense, the Final Reckoning. I reckon is a dialect expression for I guess, I suppose. Then theres reek. reek [reek] n. a bad smell reek [reek] v. to emit a bad smell The Old English word rec meant smoke from burning material. Reek acquired the sense of stench in the 17th century. So, back to the words that inspired this article: the next time you want to wreak havoc, dont wreck your credibility by misspelling or mispronouncing wreak. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-EfficientConnotations of 35 Words for Funny PeopleHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Environment essays

Environment essays The Cold War has dominated American life since 1945 . Throughout the Cold War the role of the United States has been captured in themes of globalism, anti-communism, containment, military might, and intervention . The United States has also established the role of being world mediator. It was felt by the United States, that it was their job protect other countries from anything that would pose a threat to the security established in America. After World War II, the United States was the most financially secure nation, thus they had the most authority, and they could decide what was right and what was wrong in the world and act on it. This can be seen with the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the most renowned Vietnam War. Other countries were looking to the United States as a source of help and stability, and this still holds true today. The facts at the dawn of the millennium are simple and irrefutable: compared with all other states, the United States today is in a class b y itself. The ideals felt then remain the same in the present, in regards to the rest of the world, but with less extremity as seen during the Cold War. Thus the United States continues to set the agenda in the, international sense, as the world leader. However, one must ask whether or not the role of the United States should be as it is today. There are flaws in our system, like all states, but the United States continues to prove itself the best deal in the market. The role of the United States in the Post cold War world should remain, however, there are key areas, which should be addressed and handled by the United States differently. During the Cold War, fear of communism, fear of the Soviet Union, and a determination to contain both, gave structure and purpose to American foreign policy. At the end of the Cold War, brought a change to the goals of American foreign policy. The problems in todays foreign policy seem to fall in the areas of i...

Development of Staffing Management Plan Research Paper

Development of Staffing Management Plan - Research Paper Example rects all the Gauchito project activities. Management skills 2 03/01/2012 6 Years FV Project Manager Ensures that the project is executed within the schedule Administrative skills 3 03/01/2012 6 Years Project Engineer Execute the project plan Mechanical engineering skills 3 03/01/2012 6 Years Systems Engineer Develop and maintain the system’s soft ware and hardware. ... The risks involved in a project can result to a loss or result to gains for the project. For effective management of risks, an assessment is necessary. All elements used for costing are closely examined and awarded according to its development and impact on the project. The rating is based on design, dependency, difficulties, technical issues and unapproximated costs. The reports received are then evaluated by reports of a previous project. The appropriate level of costs is finally derived from the calculations done from risk assessed. During the project execution, any risks related to the project are monitored and a contingency allocated where possible (Schwalbe, Kathy 229). Part D: Project Organization Chart Part E: Project Team Directory Name Area Team Function Phone Email Michael Jackson Project Director Chair 1-4125 mijackon@gauchito.org Nelson Mandela Project Manager Member 1-6324 nendela@gauchito.org Mildred Otieng’ Procurement Manager Member 1-2456 miieng@gauchito.org Sloureen Bilgael Systems Engineer Member 18547 bilgael@gauchito.org Works Cited Schwalbe, Kathy, Introduction to Project Management, 2nd Edition . USA: Cengage Learning, 2008.

Geology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Geology - Essay Example There are footprints at Triceratops Trail that vary from those at Dinosaur Ridge. The Dinosaur Ridge tracks are approximately 100 million years of age, and one can see them from the top – as in where the creature pushed into the silt. Triceratops Trail characteristics tracks that are around 68 million years of age and are what is called negative tracks. These tracks, seen in 3D from the lowest part, shaped when the creature ventures in the mud, which was then loaded with sand, structuring a characteristic cast, and after that tilted vertical by the elevate of the Rocky Mountains. These techniques left tracks sticking from the divider since that unique layer of mud was mined away, and the sandstone cast is all that is deserted. Footprints of no less than four separate sorts of dinosaurs (a conceivable Tyrannosaurus rex, conceivable Edmontosaurus, and Triceratops incorporated), two sorts of flying creatures, a mammal, and a bug are seen on the sandstone dividers along the trail. Large portions of these tracks, when uncovered, were first of those from the Triceratops, the mammal, and the scarab (trail). Dakota Hogback, which is to the south of Golden, uncovers approximately 100 million years of rocks from the Age of Dinosaurs. An aged soil layer or paleosol at the point of geology where rock was dissolved and uncovered before the following layer of rock was set down. Chemical acted on shrouded fossil in this sandstone make concentric layers of mineralization, which are not sedimentary structures. The unique fountain formed at Pennsylvania age (about 300 Ma), uncovered at Red Rocks Park. Uranium minerals drop out of result when oxidizing liquids meet decreasing conditions in hydrocarbon-rich rocks. Triceratops Trail has a swampy, delta-like environment and is loaded with plant fossils. One will have the capacity to see impressions of palm fronds, sharpened steel leafed monocots, and ginger-like herbs.

How Disney's Social Power Has Influenced the Vision of the American Essay

How Disney's Social Power Has Influenced the Vision of the American Dream - Essay Example is an interesting theme because this would provide an insight on the power of digital media in bringing about a revolutionary change in the society on all levels. This research caters for the needs of the contemporary era which is primarily a digital age and will become even more so as a result of the continued technological advancement in the future. The intended audience that would be interested in this research or who might benefit from the results of this research includes but is not limited to digital media owners and stakeholders, writers, cinematographers, actors, directors, producers, and the youth of America. Besides, this research would also produce valuable results for the policy-makers and law-making bodies. Walt Disney’s contribution to the contemporary media has been widely recognized, acknowledged, and appreciated. Walt Disney made a lot of contribution to the floursihment of entertainment world. Mickey Mouse, one of the cartoon characters introduced by Walt Disney provided a stereotypical image of the everyday American. Mickey Mouse was visualized as the alter-ego of Walt Disney (Mosley 148). The personality characteristics and traits idealized in the Americans including courage, bravery, persistence, and creativity were manifested in the character of Mickey Mouse. Subsequently, Minnie Mouse was introduced as the on-screen personification of the American Girl. Major scholars and theorists from the Hebdige to the Frankfurt School have explored Disney’s imperialistic nature, most of them identifying the readers as passive uncritical consumers (Martins 2). This research would fill the gap in the literature by identifying the factors related to the social power of Walt Disney that have contributed to the contemporary visualization of the American Dream. The research question would thus be; How Disneys social power has influenced the vision of the "American Dream"? A detailed literature review will be carried out to identify the possible factors

The Disaster at New Orleans Essay Example for Free

The Disaster at New Orleans Essay The city of New Orleans is one of the most culturally diverse urban centers in North America. It was founded in southeastern Louisiana on the banks of the Mississippi River some 180 km away from the Gulf of Mexico. It was built in 1718 on the east bank of the river and south of Lake Pontchartrain. The city was named for Philippe II, Duc d’Orleans, the regent of France during the era of Louis XV. It soon became one of the most active commercial port centers of the country. Its diverse culture later turned it into an international tourist destination (Hass, 2006). Unfortunately, New Orleans was built on a strip of land on the Mississippi Delta that experiences constant sinking of the land. This coupled with rising seas presents a great danger to the city. Floods and storm surges are the most feared natural disasters that could occur. To prevent this, Billions of dollars worth of levees, sea walls, pumping systems and satellite hurricane tracking have been set in place to allow for the protection of the residents of New Orleans. However, it seems, the problem of New Orleans became even bigger with these remedies (McQuaid and Schleifstein, 2002). In 2002, New Orleans Times-Picayune released a five-part report on what could possibly happen if a major hurricane reached the city. As the world would see in 2005, all the speculations and predictions of this report became painfully true. The situation back then up to 2005 grew only worse. New Orleans was already 3 feet below sea level a century ago. This means the effect of storms is amplified against the city. Furthermore, coastal erosion of barrier islands and destruction of the marshes present a big threat because hurricane winds and flooding could go inland undeterred. The city is surrounded by water and has areas that are below sea level. The levee system built to protect the city made the city a huge bowl ready to receive water that reaches past the levee but unable to drain it somewhere else. The levees also prevent the continued growth of the delta through silt build-up coming from up the river. Huge structures built on the strip of land contributed to the sinking of the land (McQuaid and Schleifstein, 2002). Models way back in 2002 of the possible scenarios if a hurricane did hit the city were already grim at best. Most of the city would be underwater and the levee system that was built to protect New Orleans would be its own undoing. These pushed scientists to try to find ways to avert disaster. One proposed solution was to build a flood wall of up to 30 feet high bisecting New Orleans and Jefferson Parish to create a community haven on the river side of the wall where they could retreat and also protect buildings from invasion of floodwaters from the lake. In 2002, government agencies and other leaders supposedly mobilized themselves to try and address the rising risk from hurricane strikes. The Federal Emergency Management Agency prepared new responses to the flooding of the New Orleans bowl. Some of the findings were that the levees be raised and lost marshes and barrier islands be rebuilt but the efforts would have been worth at least $14 billion (McQuaid and Schleifstein, 2002). In August of 2005, the feared category 5 hurricane finally came. Hurricane Katrina began as a category 1 hurricane in August 25 when it passed southern Florida. It moved west on August 26 to straight to Louisiana. The warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico strengthened it turning it into a category 5 hurricane by early Sunday, August 28. The National Hurricane Center had predicted the second landfall for August 29. By then, around a million people had already been evacuated from the affected areas of southeast Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin had already ordered mandatory evacuation of the city on August 28. However, 100,000 of the 469,000 citizens of New Orleans did not leave either because they were too poor or were too sure that they would not be affected by the impending disaster (Drew, 2006). Katrina suddenly weakened to a category 3 storm just before making landfall and shifting a bit thus sparing New Orleans from the strongest winds. However, the disaster that had long been predicated came still came to pass. Tidal surges of six to eight m or 20 to 25 ft came in from the gulf and destroyed the 18-m or 11 mi long earthen levee system that protected St. Bernard Parish. The tide also surged further inland into the Industrial Canal destroying the concrete floodwalls and making large breaches that flooded one of the poorest neighborhoods, Lower Ninth Ward, by up to four m or 12 ft of water. The strong winds also pushed water from Lake Pontchartrain back up the drainage canals north of the city. Although the city was spared from the worst doomsday scenario predicted, damage that had long been predicated came to pass (Drew, 2006). As New Orleans found out later, the worst was yet to come. After the storm, only eastern sections of the city were flooded and the most obvious damage was to the glass panels of high rise buildings and rips on the skin of the roof of the Louisiana Superdome which also was used as the main evacuation center of the city. After the storm, floodwaters from Lake Pontchartrain poured through huge breaches in the walls of the 17th street and London Avenue drainage canals which were supposed to carry out rainwater from the city. These drainage canals, instead, brought more of the water into the dry center of the city (Drew, 2006). The wealthy and middle-class neighborhoods in the northern side of the city were flooded with the waters of Lake Pontchartrain by nightfall of August 29. Emergency communications that were supposed to be used for rescue and relief operations came down and looting became widespread across the city. The Superdome, that lost power during the storm, was surrounded by flood waters, trapping 25,000 evacuees in a dank sweatbox reaching temperatures of up to 100oF or 38oC by morning of August 30. Although the flood waters did not affect the historical French Quarter of the city, by evening of August 30, the city’s residential areas were inundated with 200,000 homes damaged 50,000 of which were severely damaged. The scenario developing was grim and terrible but much of it was predicted before the actual event. Corpses were trapped inside flooded homes but some floated out the water-filled streets. Thousands were stranded on the interstate, the only evacuation point for New Orleans residents, without food or water (Drew, 2006). Perhaps the most frustrating part of the experience was that the decision-makers were apparently unable to handle the situation properly. As in all disasters, when city and state officials become outmatched and overwhelmed, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) must step in to address the problems. It was obvious that despite the early predictions given by scientists, the city did not have evacuation protocol for the 100,000 people who did not have cars and the preparation of the shelter that could hold the people for a day or two. The buses that could have been used for the evacuation should have been staged at the Superdome but were trapped in flooded garages. The police force that was supposed to respond after the storm was trimmed to only 249 instead of 1,600 further delaying the rescue operations (Drew, 2006). The decision-making structure included the mayor of New Orleans, the governor of Louisiana and the head of FEMA and its ground commander. As was later seen, the structure was ineffective in delivering aid to the city and only resulted in bickering among the many officials. This led to more damage to life and property and made the situation even worse. The governor took two days to commandeer buses around the state to evacuate the city. FEMA did not even begin calling in other buses until two days after the storm. One third of the Louisiana National Guard was apparently in Iraq and it was not until September 1 and 2 that help from the Guard troops from other states came. Though FEMA and the Guard provided food and water to trapped evacuees at the Superdome, the 20,000 people inside the New Orleans Convention Center were given very little aid (Drew, 2006). He flooded areas of the city became infested with molds and water became murky from oily sludge and other chemicals. Months after the storm, only less than 100,000 people returned to New Orleans. Many did not leave the metropolitan areas of much safer cities where they decided to find new jobs and start new lives. All this made Hurricane Katrina the costliest natural disaster in American history and the third deadliest. The cost was estimated at around $125 billion and rebuilding of the levee systems to handle category 5 storms was estimated at $30 billion and would take up to five years (Drew, 2006). More than the hurricane itself that was inevitable, the decision-making structure was extremely flawed. FEMA was unprepared to handle the situation and differences between the state and city officials aggravated the situation. This obviously had huge effects on the private sector especially in New Orleans were everyone found themselves as victims and evacuees. Damage to the city was unprecedented and extensive and resident population declined drastically. The private sector except tourism was inevitably affected by the disaster. Some of the most important lessons include the fact that the levee system must be reexamined to become more effective in its function of preventing flooding inside the city. Decision-making must become more efficient and coordinated among city, state and federal officials to provide quick response to any disaster. It was a disaster made by both natural and man-made causes. It is imperative that the man-made part be solved before the next big hurricane hits the city. Bibliography Drew, Christopher. Hurricane Katrina Disaster. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006. Haas, Edward. New Orleans. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006. Katrina Timeline (n. d. ) Retrieved 7 June 2007 from http://thinkprogress. org/katrina-timeline. McQuaid, J. and M. Schleifstein. (2002). Special Report: Washing Away. Retrieved 7 June 2007 from http://www. nola. com/hurricane/indexQS. ssf? /washingaway/index. html.

Impacts of Whakama and Implications on Hauora

Impacts of Whakama and Implications on Hauora Davinder Singh Gill 1.1 Shame: The Maori client can feel shame when doctor ask them to take their clothes off. They can feel shamed when they taking their cloths in front of doctor especially the elderly people. Elderly people are bit uncomfortable to take their cloths in front of opposite sex doctors. In this situation it can effect on their health because they cannot respond to doctors question. Feeling Misunderstood: The clients can get easily misunderstood when they asked someone about the time or day. Sometimes they have lack of communication or hearing loss and they get misunderstood about the day or time. In this case when the client is misunderstood its effect in client hauora because they can take wrong medicine on wrong time or they might change the medicines because they are not sure about the time or date. Self doubt: some clients have self doubt about something so they took it wrong way. Sometimes when everybody is doing activities or self independent and some clients they have doubt that they can do it or not. When the client have self doubt about something they dropped their confidence level and they done the activity or some work in different or wrong way. SELF Abasement: Sometimes client cannot perform very well in activities or they have difficulties to their daily tasks so they may feel self abasement. Especially Maori clients they want to do their daily task independently and they want to participate in activities like they used to do but now they having difficulties to perform so they feel self abasement. They always want to live independently and want to do their ADLs. 1.2 1) One to one consultation with a health worker The one to one consultation is very helpful with Maori client. Sometimes the client feel uncomfortable in front of everyone so they try to hide their problems until it get worse or serious so it can impact on their health. In one to one consultation client can express their feeling and if they having any sexual disease or problem so they can discuss easily with doctor, RN, or caregiver. The client always like the privacy and feeling very comfortable to discuss their problems in one to one consultation with Doctors or Health workers. In one to one consultation we can discuss about the problems and can sort the problems on time before it gets worse. 2) Group consultation with a health worker of a different gender In group discussion with a health worker with different gender can be very hard and not easy to get on. Sometime clients feel very uncomfortable with different gender health worker. The clients feel very uncomfortable and cannot discuss their problem and cannot express their feelings. They feel very uncomfortable to discuss their disease and problems in the front of others or group member. The clients of different sex can hide their problems and don’t want to discuss with different gender health worker so it can put negative impact on the hauora of the clients. 3) One to one consultation with a health worker of a different gender Usually one to one consultation is the better way to discuss the problems. But having one to one consultation with different gender health worker can be the opposite. The clients can feel very uncomfortable and hesitate to discuss their problems with different gender health worker. The women cannot express their feeling or genitals problems in front on the male health worker so they can hide their problems. Women’s clients always feel uncomfortable to tell their problems in front of male health workers so they try to hide the problems which can impact on their hauora. 4) Consumer survey In consumer survey it can help to maintain the quality standards of the facility. In consumer survey we can find the problems and what problems clients facing and what changes we need to do in facility. In consumer survey we always get up to date about the problems and can change some ideas and help the clients to express their feelings. 1.3 Adverse socio-cultural factor one- Maori clients are very traditional and they love their culture and tradition. In facility they got different culture clients and caregivers. Due to the different types of culture and caregiver they having problems to communicate and not able to tell their problems. The Maori clients can feel shame to express their feeling in front of others cultures caregivers. They can have the problems for communicate with different cultures clients and caregivers. They can face problems to get on and socialised because of different cultures and beliefs. Adverse socio-cultural factor two The Maori clients have their different living style due to their tradition and religion. The Maori clients respect their cultures and beliefs and they are very strict due to their religion. Maori client can be aggressive if we do not respect and treat them properly according to their culture and beliefs. Some Maori client doesn’t like doctors or caregivers to touch their head or other places because of their religion. So its important for health workers to respect their culture and maintain the dignity. Adverse socio-economic factor one Employment- The employment is another socio economic factor that can cause whakama for Maori people. At present Maori people feel shame due to the lack of jobs and not having good job. They can easily feel embarrassed and very bad in front of other peoples. The Maori people can have problems and can feel fell shame in their work place if they not are getting treating very well. Some of the Maori clients feel shame having problems to live their happy life due to the lack of job. Some Maori peoples cannot afford the good treatment and not getting treatment on time because they cannot afford to get treated in private hospitals. They have to wait for their turn in public hospitals and cannot go to the private hospitals because of the lack of employment. Adverse socio-economic factor two :- Education- Today’s date the education is another adverse socio economic factor which is growing rapidly among Maori peoples. Education is the most common problem that cause whakama and effect hauora of Maori Clients. Maori client are facing difficulties and feel inferior in front or other or in society due to the lack of education. They always feel scared in front of others and they have lack of confidence due to the lack of education. The education can cause problems in their hauora and affects mentally and physical. Due to the lack of education they can face the problems to take medications or they can take wrong medications on wrong time so it can put negative effect on their hauora. Due to lack of education they can face so many problems and having problems to prevent them from different kinds of disease. 2.1 a) Negative outcome one Education: Education is the biggest problems in among Maori peoples. The maori facing the difficulties in their life due to lack of education and knowledge. They maori clients feel shame and due to lack of education and proper knowledge they facing so many difficulties. It can be very hard for them to prevent form disease and without having proper knowledge aboutn the disease it can affect on their hauora. They can face problems because due to lack of education they don’t have knowledge and don’t know the proper treatment and medications and can impact on their health. Negative outcome two No access to treatment There is a big negative affect on their life due to no access for the treatment. Most of the Maori clients do not have access or not proper medication and treatment. Some of the Maori client facing problems like this because lack of money for proper treatment. The Maori clients respect their culture and they some time they use traditional medicine that’s why they do not ask practitioner or doctors help. It can impact on their hauora because sometime they don’t have proper knowledge of disease and can’t treat it very well. Negative outcome three Shame. In this outcome it can put negative impact on their hauora due to the whakama. Sometime the Maori clients feel shy or shame when they see the opposite sex doctor or caregiver. They don’t respond very well and try to hide their problems and disease. They try to ignore the male caregiver to help them for toileting or don’t share the problem they facing. It can impact on their hauora and it can get worse or serious problems on their health B) Positive outcome (1) Maori Education Education can play the main role in positive outcome in their hauora. WhÄ nau always encourage their members to take parts and get proper education. With proper education they can have good knowledge about the disease and they can treat it very well. Education can lead them for the good living style in society and also help maintain their good health. Positive outcome (2) Development of NZ Maori health In this outcome they promote the Maori service plan that value health and social service collaboration. They providing the Maori health research summer studentship. This is designed to introduce research for student who wants to study or who studying in health related courses. This is introduce to people who wants to study about the Maori health related or who wants to be involved in Maori health research. This studentship is worth $ 5000.00. This can put a good output in people’s life and it can help for positive hauora of the Maori clients. Positive Outcome (3) NZ strategy In this outcome its really helps Maori client due to their health problems they facing. In today’s date they provide the books and health magazines in Maori language. It can put a good outcome because elderly people can read and understand properly the can help them to move on. The financial services are provided to poor people so they can live their life independently and they can enjoy the quality of life. Some clients who had the problems due to lack of money now can live their life freely and can face the society very well. The financial help is big help for the people who were suffering illness because of no or lack of money. They can get the proper treatment and medication. it can impact the positively on their hauora due to whakama.